MISRA C:2004 Compliance Matrix

In this section you will find a description of all MISRA (The Motor Industry Software Reliability Association) rules. Due to copyright limitations, we have altered rule descriptions. The original descriptions can be found in Guidelines for The Use of The C Language in Vehicle Based Software, October 2004, The Motor Industry Software Reliability Association, Watling Street, Nuneaton, Warwickshire CV10 OTU, www.misra.org.uk

Rules are classified by MISRA as either required Re or advisory Ad. The succeeding sections list all rules along with support notes: whether the rule is fully supported (those rules are marked Re/Ad, or either not statically checkable or not supported in DA-C Re-/Ad-. Current list of unsupported rules can also be viewed in the "Options > Static Code Analyzer".

Environment

1.1 (Re): All code shall conform to ISO 9899:1990 "Programming languages - C", amended and corrected by ISO/IEC 9899/COR1:1995, ISO/IEC 9899/AMD1:1995, and ISO/IEC 9899/COR2:1996.

1.2 (Re-): No reliance shall be placed on undefined or unspecified behavior.

1.3 (Re-): Multiple compilers and/or languages shall only be used if there is a common defined interface standard for object code to which the languages/compilers/assemblers conform.

1.4 (Re-): The compiler/linker shall be checked to ensure that 31 character significance and case sensitivity are supported for external identifiers.

1.5 (Ad-): Floating-point implementations should comply with a defined floating-point standard.

Language extensions

2.1 (Re): Assembly language shall be encapsulated and isolated.

2.2 (Re): Source code shall only use /* ... */ style comments.

2.3 (Re): The character sequence /* shall not be used within a comment.

2.4 (Ad-): Sections of code should not be 'commented out'.

Documentation

3.1 (Re-): All usage of implementation-defined behavior shall be documented.

3.2 (Re-): The character set and the corresponding encoding shall be documented.

3.3 (Ad-): The implementation of integer division in the chosen compiler should be determined, documented and taken into account.

3.4 (Re): All uses of the #pragma directive shall be documented and explained.

3.5 (Re-): The implementation-defined behavior and packing of bitfields shall be documented if being relied upon.

3.6 (Re-): All libraries used in production code shall be written to comply with the provisions of this document, and shall have been subject to appropriate validation.

Character sets

4.1 (Re): Only those escape sequences that are defined in the ISO C standard shall be used.

4.2 (Re): Trigraphs shall not be used.

Identifiers

5.1 (Re): Identifiers (internal and external) shall not rely on the significance of more than 31 characters.

5.2 (Re): [...]: Identifiers in an inner scope shall not use the same name as an identifier in an outer scope, and therefore hide that identifier.

5.3 (Re-): A 'typedef' name shall be a unique identifier.

5.4 (Re): A tag name shall be a unique identifier.

5.5 (Ad-): No object or function identifier with static storage duration should be reused.

5.6 (Ad-): No identifier in one name space should have the same spelling as an identifier in another name space, with the exception of structure and union member names.

5.7 (Ad-): No identifier name should be reused.

Types

6.1 (Re-): The plain char type shall be used only for storage and use of character values.

6.2 (Re-): 'signed' and 'unsigned' char type shall be used only for the storage and use of numeric values.

6.3 (Ad): 'typedefs' that indicate size and signedness should be used in place of the basic types.

6.4 (Re): Bit fields shall only be defined to be of type 'unsigned int' or 'signed int'.

6.5 (Re-): Bit fields of type signed int shall be at least 2 bits long.

Constants

7.1 (Re): Octal constants (other than zero) and octal escape sequences shall not be used.

Declarations and definitions

8.1 (Re-): Functions shall have prototype declarations and the prototype shall be visible at both the function definition and call.

8.2 (Re): Whenever an object or function is declared or defined, its type shall be explicitly stated.

8.3 (Re-): For each function parameter the type given in the declaration and definition shall be identical, and the return types shall also be identical.

8.4 (Re): [...]: If objects or functions are declared more than once their types shall be compatible.

8.5 (Re-): There shall be no definitions of objects or functions in a header file.

8.6 (Ad): Functions shall be declared at file scope.

8.7 (Re): Objects [...] shall be defined at block scope if they are only accessed from within a single function [...].

8.8 (Re): [...]: An external object or function shall be declared in one and only one file.

8.9 (Re): [...]: An identifier with external linkage shall have exactly one external definition.

8.10 (Re): [...]: All declarations and definitions of objects or functions at file scope shall have internal linkage unless external linkage is required.

8.11 (Re): The static storage class specifier shall be used in definitions and declarations of objects and functions that have internal linkage.

8.12 (Re): When an array is declared with external linkage, its size shall be stated explicitly or defined implicitly by initialization.

Initialisation

9.1 (Re-): All automatic variables shall have been assigned a value before being used.

9.2 (Re-): Braces shall be used to indicate and match the structure in the non-zero initialization of arrays and structures.

9.3 (Re): In an enumerator list, the '=' construct shall not be used to explicitly initialize members other than the first, unless all items are explicitly initialized.

Arithmetic type conversion

10.1 (Re-): The value of an expression of integer type shall not be implicitly converted to a different underlying type if: a) it is not a conversion to a wider integer type of the same signedness, or b) the expression is complex, or c) the expression is not constant and is a function argument, or d) the expression is not constant and is a return expression.

10.2 (Re-): The value of an expression of floating type shall not be implicitly converted to a different type if: a) it is not a conversion to a wider floating type, or b) the expression is complex, or c) the expression is a function argument, or d) the expression is a return expression.

10.3 (Re): The value of a complex expression of integer type may only be cast to a type that is narrower and of the same signedness as the underlying type of the expression.

10.4 (Re-): The value of a complex expression of floating type may only be cast to a narrower floating type.

10.5 (Re-): If the bitwise operators ~ and << are applied to an operand of underlying type 'unsigned char' or 'unsigned short', the result shall be immediately cast to the underlying type of the operand.

10.6 (Re): A 'U' suffix shall be applied to all constants of 'unsigned' type.

Pointer type conversion

11.1 (Re-): Conversions shall not be performed between a pointer to a function and any type other than an integral type.

11.2 (Re-): Conversions shall not be performed between a pointer to object and any type other than an integral type, another pointer to object type or a pointer to void.

11.3 (Ad-): A cast should not be performed between a pointer type and an integral type.

11.4 (Ad-): A cast should not be performed between a pointer to object type and a different pointer to object type.

11.5 (Re-): A cast shall not be performed that removes any 'const' or 'volatile' qualification from the type addressed by a pointer.

Expressions

12.1 (Ad-): Limited dependence should be placed on C's operator precedence rules in expressions.

12.2 (Re): The value of an expression shall be the same under any order of evaluation that the standard permits.

12.3 (Re): The 'sizeof' operator shall not be used on expressions that contain side effects.

12.4 (Re): The right-hand operand of a logical && or || operator shall not contain side effects.

12.5 (Re): The operands of a logical && or || shall be 'primary-expressions'.

12.6 (Ad): The operands of logical operators (&&, || and !) should be effectively Boolean. Expressions that are effectively Boolean should not be used as operands to operators other than (&&, || and !).

12.7 (Re): Bitwise operators shall not be applied to operands whose underlying type is signed.

12.8 (Re-): The right-hand operand of a shift operator shall lie between zero and one less than the width in bits of the underlying type of the left-hand operand.

12.9 (Re): The unary minus operator shall not be applied to an expression whose underlying type is unsigned.

12.10 (Re): The comma operator shall not be used.

12.11 (Ad-): Evaluation of constant unsigned integer expressions should not lead to wrap-around.

12.12 (Re-): The underlying bit representations of floating-point values shall not be used.

12.13 (Ad): The increment (++) and decrement (--) operators should not be mixed with other operators in an expression.

Control statement expressions

13.1 (Re): Assignment operators shall not be used in expressions that yield a Boolean value.

13.2 (Ad): Tests of a value against zero should be made explicit, unless the operand is effectively - Boolean.

13.3 (Re): Floating-point expressions shall not be tested for equality or inequality.

13.4 (Re): The controlling expression of a 'for' statement shall not contain any objects of floating type.

13.5 (Re-): The three expressions of a 'for' statement shall be concerned only with loop control.

13.6 (Re-): Numeric variables being used within a 'for' loop for iteration counting shall not be modified in the body of the loop.

13.7 (Re-): Boolean operations whose results are invariant shall not be permitted.

Control flow

14.1 (Re-): There shall be no unreachable code.

14.2 (Re): All non-null statements shall either: a) have at least one side effect however executed, or b) cause control flow to change.

14.3 (Re-): Before preprocessing, a null statement shall only occur on a line by itself;, it may be followed by a comment provided that the first character following the null statement is a white-space character.

14.4 (Re): The 'goto' statement shall not be used.

14.5 (Re): The 'continue' statement shall not be used.

14.6 (Re): For any iteration statement there shall be at most one break statement used for loop termination.

14.7 (Re): A function shall have a single point of exit at the end of the function.

14.8 (Re): The statement forming the body of a 'switch', 'while', 'do ... while' or 'for' statement be a compound statement.

14.9 (Re): An 'if-expression' construct shall be followed by a compound statement. The 'else' keyword shall be followed by either a compound statement, or another 'if' statement.

14.10 (Re): All 'if ... else if' constructs shall be terminated with an 'else' clause.

Switch statements

15.1 (Re-): A 'switch' label shall only be used when the most closely-enclosing compound statement is the body of a 'switch' statement.

15.2 (Re): An unconditional 'break' statement shall terminate every non-empty 'switch' clause.

15.3 (Re): The final clause of a 'switch' statement shall be the 'default' clause.

15.4 (Re): A 'switch' expression shall not represent a value that is effectively Boolean.

15.5 (Re): Every 'switch' statement shall have at least one 'case' clause.

Functions

16.1 (Re): Functions shall not be defined with variable numbers of arguments.

16.2 (Re): Functions shall not call themselves, either directly or indirectly.

16.3 (Re): Identifiers shall be given for all of the parameters in a function prototype declaration.

16.4 (Re-): The identifiers used in the declaration and definition of a function shall be identical.

16.5 (Re): Functions with no parameters shall be declared with parameter type void.

16.6 (Re): The number of arguments passed to a function shall match the number of parameters.

16.7 (Ad-): A pointer parameter in a function prototype should be declared as 'pointer to const' if the pointer is not used to modify the addressed object.

16.8 (Re): All exit paths from a function with non-void return type shall have an explicit 'return' statement with an expression.

16.9 (Re): A function identifier shall only be used with either a preceding '&', or with a parenthesised parameter list, which may be empty.

16.10 (Re-): If a function returns error information, then that error information shall be tested.

Pointers and arrays

17.1 (Re-): Pointer arithmetic shall only be applied to pointers that address an array or array element.

17.2 (Re): Pointer subtraction shall only be applied to pointers that address elements of the same array.

17.3 (Re-): >, >=, <, <= shall not be applied to pointer types except where they point to the same array.

17.4 (Re): Array indexing shall be the only allowed form of pointer arithmetic.

17.5 (Ad): The declaration of objects should contain no more than 2 levels of pointer indirection.

17.6 (Re): The address of an object with automatic storage shall not be assigned to another object that may persist after the first object has ceased to exist.

Structures and unions

18.1 (Re): [...]: All structure or union types shall be complete at the end of a translation unit.

18.2 (Re-): An object shall not be assigned to an overlapping object.

18.3 (Re-): An area of memory shall not be reused for unrelated purposes.

18.4 (Re): Unions shall not be used.

Preprocessinf directives

19.1 (Ad-): '#include' statements in a file should only be preceded by other preprocessor directives or comments.

19.2 (Ad): Non-standard characters should not occur in header file names in include directives.

19.3 (Re): The '#include' directive shall be followed by either a <filename> or \"filename\" sequence.

19.4 (Re-): C macros shall only expand to a braced initialized, a constant, a parenthesized expression, a type qualifier, a storage class specifier, or a do-while-zero construct.

19.5 (Re): Macros shall not be '#define'd or '#undef'd within a block.

19.6 (Re): '#undef' shall not be used.

19.7 (Ad): A function should be used in preference to a function-like macro.

19.8 (Re): A function-like macro shall not be invoked without all of its arguments.

19.9 (Re): Arguments to a function-like macro shall not contain tokens that look like preprocessing directives.

19.10 (Re): In the definition of a function-like macro each instance of a parameter shall be enclosed in parentheses unless it is used as the operand of # or ##.

19.11 (Re): All macro identifiers in preprocessor directives shall be defined before use, except in '#ifdef' and '#ifndef' preprocessor directives and the 'defined()' operator.

19.12 (Re): There shall be at most one occurrence of the # or ## preprocessor operators in a single macro definition.

19.13 (Ad): The # and ## preprocessor operators should not be used.

19.14 (Re): The 'defined' preprocessor operator shall only be used in one of the two standard forms.

19.15 (Re): Precautions shall be taken in order to prevent the contents of a header tile being included twice.

19.16 (Re): Preprocessing directives shall be syntactically meaningful even when excluded by the preprocessor.

19.17 (Re): All '#else', '#elif' and '#endif' preprocessor directives shall reside in the same file as the '#if' or '#ifdef' directive to which they are related.

Standard libraries

20.1 (Re): [...]: Reserved identifiers, macros and functions in the standard library, shall not be defined, redefined or undefined.

20.2 (Re): [...]: The names of standard library macros, objects and functions shall not be reused.

20.3 (Re-): The validity of values passed to library functions shall be checked.

20.4 (Re): Dynamic heap memory allocation shall not be used.

20.5 (Re): The error indicator 'errno' shall not be used.

20.6 (Re): The macro 'offsetof', in library <stddef.h>, shall not be used.

20.7 (Re): The 'setjmp' macro and the 'longjmp' function shall not be used.

20.8 (Re): The signal handling facilities of <signal.h> shall not be used.

20.9 (Re): The input/output library <stdio.h> shall not be used in production code.

20.10 (Re): The library functions 'atof', 'atoi' and 'atol' from library <stdlib.h> shall not be used.

20.11 (Re): The library functions 'abort', 'exit', 'getenv' and 'system' from library <stdlib.h> shall not be used.

20.12 (Re): The time handling functions of library <time.h> shall not be used.

Run-time failures

21.1 (Re-): Minimization of run-time failures shall be ensured by the use of at least one of: 

a) static analysis tools/techniques;
b) dynamic analysis tools/techniques;
c) explicit coding of checks to handle run-time faults.

Percentage of MISRA C:2004 Compliance Matrix Support in DA-C

Number of Rules: 141
Number of Required Rules: 120
Number of Advisory Rules: 21

Category	Number of Rules 141	Number of Required Rules 120	Number of Advisory Rules 21
Fully supported	89 63%	80 67%	9 42%
Not supported	52 37%	40 33%	12 58%

Copyright © 1993-2022, RistanCASE PR